Spiritual Quantum Physics Mind of God

The Mind of God

What is Spiritual Quantum Physics? What is materialistic Quantum Physics? What is Spirituality? What is religion?

To be spiritual means to believe in a higher force than yourself. Something, someone, some energy, some intelligence that is superior to man.

To be religious is to believe in the teachings or revelations of a some other man. Materialistic Quantum Physics falls into this category. All the great materialistic scientists are still trying to figure out creation. Who and what we are, where we came from and where we are going with their minds. No belief what so ever that there is someone or something superior to them. What egotism.

They will go round and round trying to explain the laws of Quantum Physics with their finite minds. But they will not be able to until they let go of the Godless concept of the Big Bang Theory. Until they bring a Creator into their formula their answer will continuously be incorrect.

Spiritual Quantum Physics starts with the premise of a Creator God, a being as far superior to us as we are to the animal world.

Exactly what are the Laws of Quantum Physics and where did they come from? The Laws of Quantum Physics tell us simply that there exists an infinite Ocean of thinking intelligent energy called the Quantum Ocean. The Laws of Spritual Quantum Physics tell us that the Quantum Ocean is the Mind of God.

There is no time in the Quantum Ocean, Mind of God. There is no past, present nor future. There is no physical space in the Mind of God, only the "HERE." Therefore the only thing that truly exist for us is the HERE NOW!

The Ancient Wisdom writings explain the Spiritual Quantum Physics, Mind of God very simply. We live, move and have our being inside the Mind of God."

Who and what exactly is the Mind of God? Right now at our level of consciousness, and our limited finite mind we just don't know. But that is the purpose of our existence. To evolve, to raise our level of consciousness until we do know. And when we raise our level of consciousness sufficiently so that we do know who God is, we will be God-like.

Nietzsche said it: "We are Gods."

When the rain drops of water fall from the sky and start their journey down the mountain, the rain becomes small streams, that pour in and meld with the river, which eventually reaches the ocean, it becomes ONE with the ocean. It is home.

For whatever reason the Mind of God sent out Billions of 'Drops' or Souls out on a journey is beyond our ken.

Now, like the individual rain drop, each soul (each of us) must make our journey back to the Ocean, the Quantum Ocean, the Mind of God. Our journey, much like the raindrop, will be down mountains, across valleys, in streams, rivers and lakes and each such small journey will be what we call an 'incarnation.'

We "blink in" and "blink out" of the Quantum Ocean until we have finished our spiritual journey and there will be no more need to go out of our "Father's House."

Why have the Laws of Quantum Physics become known to man at this time? Why has it "blinked out" of the Mind of God from the Quantum Ocean? Because we have entered the Age of Aquarius, An entirely new space in the Galaxy. We will be in this space for the next 2000 years. The Spritual Laws of Quantum Physics will tell us how to live function and evolve during this time.

An ole Chinese proverb says "we live in interesting times!"

Ellis Peterson AKA Ragnar Storyteller is a retired math professor and electronics engineer. He has been studying astrology, runes, metaphysics and alternate healing treatments for over 30 years. He is 70+, in very good health and lives in the boonies of the Pocono mountains with his wife Lory. His writings are unique and refreshing.
To see more of his writings visit his websites.

http://www.olevikingshop.com/

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Ellis_Peterson

How To Use Quantum Physics For Better Health

Quantum Physics

What is quantum physics? Now in the 21st century, the secrets of the ancients is revealed in easy to understand language.

We are now in the Age of Aquarius. The age of science. all is under law.

What is the Age of Aquarius? It is a physical space in our Milky Way Galaxy. This galaxy has a galactic sun which our solar system is spinning around.

The major difference is one of time and scale. Our planet Earth moves around our sun in one year. Spending one month in each sign. Our entire solar system moves around the Galactic sun in approximately 24,000 years. It spends 2000 years in each sign.

We as a people and as a solar system have never been in this part of the galaxy before.

We are in an entirely new S.T.E.M. (space-time-energy-matter) configuration.

S (space) We as a solar system are in an entirely different physical space in this Galaxy. We have never been here before.

T (time) We have no idea how our man made concept of time will be affected. But there will be a difference. For myself, I can feel that time as we know it is speeding up.

E (energy) Einstein tells us that E= MC squared. We have no idea at this point in time (less than 50 years into Age of Aquarius) if this will hold true for the future.

M (matter) This is the substance that our physical reality is made of. It is the stuff we use to create with our thoughts. We have used up all the MATER (mother substance) allowed for the past 200 years. We have built the forms and functions of the Age of Pisces with it.

We are now in a S.T.EM. position in the Galaxy called Aquarius.

This new space in our Galaxy with it's new S.T.E.M. has given us our first two tools to use. The Laws of Quantum Physics and the Internet.

Quantum Physics finally pins it down. It tells us that all the energy in the universe, all the information about creation in God's mind exists in an infinite ocean of energy called the Quantum Ocean. Everything is there. It exists there in a timeless/space less ocean of manifested substance.

The Quantum Ocean is an infinite ocean of intelligent, thinking substance.

There are divine blueprints in the quantum ocean for everything on the physical plane. There is a divine blueprint for perfect health.

Thoughts are things. Keep this tought in your mind and you will attract the energies out of the quantum ocean and into your aura.

What are we? We are souls inside of a body. We are in reality non-physical. We are spiritual beings made of the the same spiritual material that exists in the Quantum Ocean.

Since the Quantum Ocean is an infinite ocean of thinking substance we can connect ourselves and communicate with it --- by thinking.

It is our thoughts that, by the Law of Attraction, pull the building blocks that make up our reality out of the Quantum Ocean.

Once you change your thinking from one of ill health to one of perfect health, the Divine Blueprint of Perfect health will flow into your aura, driving out all the blocked energies that cause ill health.

The Frenchman Coue' said, "Everyday in every way I am getting better and better."

There are two magic words which open the doors of the Quantum Ocean for you. I AM.

Whenever you think or speak or write using these two magic words you attract those actual energies out of the Quantum Ocean into your aura.

What ever energies or vibrations or thoughts you allow into your aura will attract the same energies and vibrations to you from the Quantum Ocean. Law of Attraction. Like to like. What you think about fills your aura.

Here is a great magical key affirmation to attract health, wealth and love now:

Several times a day sit in your favorite chair, relax and mentally say to yourself:

"I am manifesting my Divine Blueprint for my perfect health out of the Quantum Ocean (Mind of God) now."

Ellis Peterson AKA Ragnar Storyteller (earned Viking name) is 72 and a skald and rune master. He is a retired math professor and electrical engineer. He brings his scientific knowledge of Quantum Physics into his Runic Information Website. He offers a unique approach to Runes and Quantum Physics. He offers free Runic and Quantum Physics essays and articles plus a free newsletter. To take advantage of his uniquely interesting stuff check out his webiste at http://www.runes-for-health-wealth-love-now.com and http://www.olevikingshop.com

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Ellis_Peterson

Quantum Physics and Your Mind

Your Mind Creates Your Reality

The Age of Aquarius has given us the Laws of Quantum Physics. Simply stated the Laws of Quantum Physics tell us that there exists an infinite, intelligent ocean of energy we call the Quantum Ocean. It is for all intent and purposes the Mind of God.

This Quantum Ocean responds to the mind of man. What ever we continuously think about will eventually manifest in our life. All that ever was, is or will be exists in the Quantum Ocean. There is no time only the Here-Now. There-fore the most important tool man possesses is his mind. We have to learn how to use our mind intelligently to reap the fruits of the incoming Age of Aquarius.

Steven Hawkins said, "....The Universe depends on the observer..." What we observe we see in our mind's eye.

All illness occurs in our bodies: but the body exists in our minds. When we heal our minds with right thought, our bodies automatically heal. Time is subjective. It is a function of our mind. It is relative. Sitting on a hot stove seems to last a much longer time than making love to one's wife.

As a race we are losing our spirituality at an ever increasing rate because all our new technology has distanced us from life's magic and creativity. It would be better if we took the computers and video games away from the children until they were at least 14. This will give them the opportunity to discover the magic of life spontaneously.

Life is more magical than mechanical.

We are finally starting to understand Socrates when he said "...He who would change the world, must first change himself." We can do this by using our minds. We do create our own reality including illness and healing with our minds.

Life and the guiding principles of life which we are now calling the Quantum Ocean, or the Mind of God is well organized. We must use our minds to learn how to use it.

Our natural state is to be healthy, but we have used our mind to think erroneously causing our illness. All healing begins with your desire to be healed and a willingness to make the mental change to incorporate healing.

Your body was born ('Blinked out' of the Quantum Ocean) with all it needs for this incarnation. Your soul knows what to do. The more you relate to your soul, the more you will experience well being at all levels of your life. Keep in mind that our bodies and the whole Universe are 1% matter and 99% spiritual energy. Our minds use that spiritual energy.

One of the biggest blockages we have to health and well being is fear. Fear is a function of the mind about something that will come from the future. Fear cannot and does not exist in the present moment. It is a lie.

Your choices and intentions, have an impact on the Quantum Ocean and alters your physical experiences. Your mind, emotional state and beliefs affect both your illness and your healing process.

Think better thoughts and accept not knowing EVERYTHING. Socrates said, "...The only thing he knew was that he knew NOTHING." Think that you are a part of the Mind of God (Quantum Ocean) which is an ocean of consciousness, that is constantly creating good.

You are your own reality creating machine. What you constantly repeat in your words and mind, tends towards visibility in your life. Your real life is totally personal and subjective.

Ellis Peterson AKA Ragnar Storyteller is a retired math professor and electronics engineer. He has been studying astrology, runes, metaphysics and alternate healing treatments for over 30 years. He is 70+, in very good health and lives in the boonies of the Pocono mountains with his wife Lory. His writings are unique and refreshing.

To see more of his writings visit his websites.

http://www.olevikingshop.com

and http://www.runes-for-health-wealth-love-now.com

Or go to goggle and type in his pen name RAGNAR STORYTELLER for his listings. He is also a ghost writer and will write and article for you. Email Ragnar for his FREE 10 PART MINI-COURSE, "How-To use Quantum Physics in Your Every Day Life to Attract More Wealth, Health and Love, Now."

You can contact him at:

ragnarstoryteller2@gmail.com

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Ellis_Peterson

Quantum Mind Power - Does It Really Give You Quantum Mind Power Or Is It A Con? Find Out Now!

Quantum Mind Power is a new system that claims to help eliminate stress and tension without the user having to be good at meditation and claims to work for even a novice to the workings of meditation.

So how does Quantum Mind Power work?

Well the system was created by a guy called Morry Zelcovitch and is made up of monaural and isochronic tones that manipulate the brainwaves and can induce a relaxed state.

I will not go into the technical details as to be honest it is beyond me, although Morry claims to have studied with the leading brainwave researchers and the program took 15 years of research to complete.

So to recap as you know meditation requires practice but an experienced practitioner can go into deep stress relieving states using meditation. What the Quantum Mind Power program does is induce these states with no willpower from the user so all you need to do is listen to the “noise” and the program will induce these stress relieving states.

Part of the allure of the Quantum Mind Power is the fact that no effort is required and all you need to do is sit or lay back and let the program do its work.

Well I invested in Quantum Mind Power to see if it really did have an effect and when I first started listening it sounded like an out of tune television and a chopper in the background but I decided to stick with it to see if it really could help.

The “noise” that you listen to within the program is meant to be a mix of the isochronic and monaural tones that change the brainwave patterns to make you feel stress free in much the same way as meditation without the willpower.

So what benefits does the Quantum Mind Power program promise:

• Reduced Stress Levels

• Motivation Will Be Boosted

• A More Positive Outlook On Life

• Enhanced Creativity

There were also many more benefits promised of the same elk, so that leaves the question does Quantum Mind Power actually work?

Well that really does depend on the user and having used it myself I must say that I do feel relaxed after a session with the Quantum Mind Power program.

However I am still not sure whether that is the placebo effect, making me feel relaxed.

That said, there are plenty of “Brainwave Entertainment” programs about and they cost so much more than the Quantum Mind Power program, so if you still have not got round to trying Brainwave Entertainment then I would recommend giving a go especially as it does come with a full 8 week guarantee.

Christopher Jones is interested in all aspects of the mind and body and has been practicing meditation for 4 years. He writes reviews and recommendations on the programs that he feels will benefit like minded people.

For more info on the Quantum Mind Power program and to get a FREE trial track of this technology click the link below:

Quantum Mind Power

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Christopher_Luke_Jones

Mind and Emergence - From Quantum to Consciousness

It was only recently that I have started a fascination about the power of the subconscious mind and began reading a lot of helpful books on consciousness and quantum reality. One such book that I came across while I was in the self-help section of the bookstore the other day was a book called Mind and Emergence: From Quantum to Consciousness, which is written by Philip Clayton.

Clayton is the author or editor of 15 books and some 100 articles in the philosophy of science, metaphysics, theology, and related fields. In this book, Mind and Emergence: From Quantum to Consciousness, Clayton suggests that emergence is the third and latest philosophical construct that aims to explain consciousness. Clayton also wrote in his preface that emergence offers an example to understand human consciousness in many realms -- from physics to theology.

Look, I am no major in philosophy and I will not attempt to spew philosophical concepts and theory about the quantum reality, but I do find the book an interesting read for someone like me.

As I began to delve deeper into understanding how our subconscious mind truly works, I began to understand the bigger scheme of things and realize that our thoughts are being manifested into waves of energy. It also helps to understand the concept of emergence in philosophy which refers to the way composite systems and patterns start to materialize out of a whole network of simple interactions.

To some of us, human consciousness will always be mystery and will only be discussed in academic journals and philosophical debates. Yet to some others, understanding the possibilities that the human consciousness can bring to us will undoubtedly give us a holistic purpose of our lives.

If you are looking to further study emergence as a concept, you would probably find Mind and Emergence: From Quantum to Consciousness a suitable read. However, if you simply want to learn more on how to use the power of subconscious mind to propel your life to greater heights then you might be interested to sign up for the free course as provided below.

Would you like to learn powerful mind control techniques that can help you to attain your deepest desires, achieve a euphoric state of being, attract abundant wealth and empower your lives forever? Sign up for a FREE 5-part self empowering lessons here at Quantum Mind Power Secrets!

Check out our Quantum Mind Power blog at http://quantum-mind-power.info for more resourceful information.

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Haans_Ahron

Quantum Mind Power - Instead of Holosync? (QUANTUM MIND)

QUANTUM MIND

If you've been studying meditation and various brainwave techniques, you're probably familar with the Holosync Solution. It's an audio program using a binaural beat technology designed to actually change your brain wave activity. One can experience meditative brain waves much faster using this program. Studies have shown that using this system over a period time can reduce stress and give you a whole host of benefits. And in fact, it's a great program. I've used it for over two years and gotten fantastic results.

As with all great innovations, there will be copycats and others claiming to do the same thing, usually much cheaper. Most of my experience with these other companies has been disappointing. They either were not using the same technology or lacked the customer support that Centerpointe gave. But now I've discovered a new program that rivals all the claims that Holosync did, plus has excellent customer support.

The name of the system is Quantum Mind Power. Although the basic premise of the technology is the same, the creator of the program, Morry Zelcovitch, uses monaural and isochronic tones for what he refers to as "brainwave entrainment". I won't go into the technical aspects in this writing, but Morry is a certified "Brainwave Entrainment Engineer/Specialist" and has studied under the leading brainwave researchers. He knows what he is talking about.

What does all this mean to you? Now there is a program that delivers all the results of the Holosync Solution for far less money. Furthermore it has the same money back guarantee and support system. Still more, they have a forum for users of the program where you can log on and weigh your concerns and results with other users and Morry himself.

I can't anticipate you'll get the same results using this plan as other people. Everyone is different. I can tell you that even though I haven't used the Holosync technology in approximately six months, when I listened to the Quantum Mind Power for the first time, I went right into the meditative state I had performed with Holosync.

What type of improvements can you anticipate using Quantum Mind Power? Here's a short list:

reduced stress

enhanced creativity

a more positive attitude

improved relationships

melt away the mental and emotional blocks and resistance that hold you back from success

boost motivation

and many more others

Please note: there are differences amongst the two programs and I still realize that Holosync has many benefits, but if you are looking for a lower-cost method to feel a significant advancement on your mental attitude, I advise giving Quantum Mind Power a try!

For a free audio sample of the Quantum Mind Power system, click on the link below.

Self Help Product Reviews reviews self improvement programs. To get a free audio sample of the Quantum Mind Power Program, go to: Free Audio Sample

QUANTUM MIND

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=GiGi_Konwin

Quantum Mind Power - Does It Really Give You Quantum Mind Power Or Is It A Con? Find Out Now! (QUANTUM MIND)

QUANTUM MIND

Quantum Mind Power is a new system that claims to help eliminate stress and tension without the user having to be good at meditation and claims to work for even a novice to the workings of meditation.

So how does Quantum Mind Power work?

Well the system was created by a guy called Morry Zelcovitch and is made up of monaural and isochronic tones that manipulate the brainwaves and can induce a relaxed state.

I will not go into the technical details as to be honest it is beyond me, although Morry claims to have studied with the leading brainwave researchers and the program took 15 years of research to complete.

So to recap as you know meditation requires practice but an experienced practitioner can go into deep stress relieving states using meditation. What the Quantum Mind Power program does is induce these states with no willpower from the user so all you need to do is listen to the “noise” and the program will induce these stress relieving states.

Part of the allure of the Quantum Mind Power is the fact that no effort is required and all you need to do is sit or lay back and let the program do its work.

Well I invested in Quantum Mind Power to see if it really did have an effect and when I first started listening it sounded like an out of tune television and a chopper in the background but I decided to stick with it to see if it really could help.

The “noise” that you listen to within the program is meant to be a mix of the isochronic and monaural tones that change the brainwave patterns to make you feel stress free in much the same way as meditation without the willpower.

So what benefits does the Quantum Mind Power program promise:

• Reduced Stress Levels

• Motivation Will Be Boosted

• A More Positive Outlook On Life

• Enhanced Creativity

There were also many more benefits promised of the same elk, so that leaves the question does Quantum Mind Power actually work?

Well that really does depend on the user and having used it myself I must say that I do feel relaxed after a session with the Quantum Mind Power program.

However I am still not sure whether that is the placebo effect, making me feel relaxed.

That said, there are plenty of “Brainwave Entertainment” programs about and they cost so much more than the Quantum Mind Power program, so if you still have not got round to trying Brainwave Entertainment then I would recommend giving a go especially as it does come with a full 8 week guarantee.

Christopher Jones is interested in all aspects of the mind and body and has been practicing meditation for 4 years. He writes reviews and recommendations on the programs that he feels will benefit like minded people.

For more info on the Quantum Mind Power program and to get a FREE trial track of this technology click the link below:

QUANTUM MIND

Quantum Mind Power

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Christopher_Luke_Jones

Quantum Mind Power Recordings (QUANTUM MIND)

Quantum Mind

"The Quantum Mind Power recording is nothing BUT noise!". That was the first thing my fiancée told me when I let her listen to the 'The Morry Method Brainwave Entrainment System' for the first time.

It was challenging to convince anyone that the Quantum Mind Power recordings are able to create a profound effect on your life. Well at least, it was especially difficult for me to persuade my fiancée to give this program a fair try. More so when she gave me that puzzled look when I told her that the Quantum Mind Power system was developed by a certified brainwave entrainment specialist.

I can understand that look perfectly as I was in the same position myself when I first heard about the amazing technology of the Quantum Mind Power system. And I am pretty sure even if you have heard of the brainwaves entrainment program remotely before, you would be wondering the same thing too. Alright, let us break it down to simpler words, shall we?

What exactly is the Quantum Mind Power system?

The Quantum Mind Power system is a series of MP3 recordings that are supposed to train your brainwaves to attain a meditative state of mind also known as the Alpha stage.

It is made up of pulsing sounds and ‘noise’ if you would like to call it, and is responsible for tuning your brainwaves into the right frequency for your Alpha state.

So, what is the Alpha state?

The Alpha state of mind is when you drop a level down from your active consciousness level, which is Beta by the way, and starts to drift off in your thoughts. Examples of Alpha states are when you are driving, taking a shower, reading a book before going to bed, praying and so on.

When you are in Alpha mode, you maintain consciousness level but you are very aware of your surroundings. This is the state where you 'communicate' with your subconscious mind with thoughts and affirmative ideas.

The Quantum Mind Power system is designed to help tune your brainwaves pattern to reach Alpha mode at will. The creators of this program believe that the 'noise' generated can help to enhance your mental prowess.

It can help you to learn at a faster speed, be more creative, solve problems better, be more focused and improve your intuitive abilities.

Would you like to learn powerful mind control techniques that can help you to attain your deepest desires, achieve a euphoric state of being, attract abundant wealth and empower your lives forever? Sign up for a FREE 5-part self empowering lessons here at Quantum Mind Power Secrets!

Quantum Mind

Check out our Quantum Mind Power blog at http://quantum-mind-power.info for more resourceful information.

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Haans_Ahron

Quantum Mind Power - Does It Really Give You Quantum Mind Power Or Is It A Con? Find Out Now!

Quantum Mind Power is a new system that claims to help eliminate stress and tension without the user having to be good at meditation and claims to work for even a novice to the workings of meditation.

So how does Quantum Mind Power work?

Well the system was created by a guy called Morry Zelcovitch and is made up of monaural and isochronic tones that manipulate the brainwaves and can induce a relaxed state.

I will not go into the technical details as to be honest it is beyond me, although Morry claims to have studied with the leading brainwave researchers and the program took 15 years of research to complete.

So to recap as you know meditation requires practice but an experienced practitioner can go into deep stress relieving states using meditation. What the Quantum Mind Power program does is induce these states with no willpower from the user so all you need to do is listen to the “noise” and the program will induce these stress relieving states.

Part of the allure of the Quantum Mind Power is the fact that no effort is required and all you need to do is sit or lay back and let the program do its work.

Well I invested in Quantum Mind Power to see if it really did have an effect and when I first started listening it sounded like an out of tune television and a chopper in the background but I decided to stick with it to see if it really could help.

The “noise” that you listen to within the program is meant to be a mix of the isochronic and monaural tones that change the brainwave patterns to make you feel stress free in much the same way as meditation without the willpower.

So what benefits does the Quantum Mind Power program promise:

• Reduced Stress Levels

• Motivation Will Be Boosted

• A More Positive Outlook On Life

• Enhanced Creativity

There were also many more benefits promised of the same elk, so that leaves the question does Quantum Mind Power actually work?

Well that really does depend on the user and having used it myself I must say that I do feel relaxed after a session with the Quantum Mind Power program.

However I am still not sure whether that is the placebo effect, making me feel relaxed.

That said, there are plenty of “Brainwave Entertainment” programs about and they cost so much more than the Quantum Mind Power program, so if you still have not got round to trying Brainwave Entertainment then I would recommend giving a go especially as it does come with a full 8 week guarantee.

Christopher Jones is interested in all aspects of the mind and body and has been practicing meditation for 4 years. He writes reviews and recommendations on the programs that he feels will benefit like minded people.

For more info on the Quantum Mind Power program and to get a FREE trial track of this technology click the link below:

Quantum Mind Power

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Christopher_Luke_Jones

QUANTUM MIND - In Debate?

The fundamental question of how the brain produces conscious experience
remains unanswered through classical neurocomputational explanations.
Quantum approaches to consciousness (considered highly unlikely by most
scientists and philosophers) can potentially account for difficult issues
(e.g.unconscious-to-conscious transitions, binding, synchrony, subjectivity)
but appear vulnerable to decoherence at warm brain temperatures. Since the
previous Quantum Mind conference in 2003, evidence has shown or suggested:

1) At the molecular level, enzyme-substrate interactions and sensory
transduction in photo-, magneto- and olfactory receptors rely on quantum
mechanisms (tunneling, spin transfer and/or radical pairs),

2) Cellular level ion channel cooperativity and brain-wide gamma synchrony
coherence appear to require non-local quantum correlations among states of
proteins and ions,

3) Psychoactive molecules interact with receptors through quantum correlations,

4) Quantum spin transfer through biomolecules is enhanced by increased
temperature,

5) Quantum computing processes can occur at increasingly warm
temperatures,

6) Robust quantum entanglement can involve millions of atoms or molecules.

Further,
7) Quantum time symmetry can rescue consciousness from the unfortunate role of
epiphenomenal illusion forced by classical neurocomputation,

And finally
8) Quantum approaches offer a possible answer to the ontological question:
what *is* consciousness and what is its place in the universe?

Quantum Mind 2007 follows previous Quantum Mind conferences held in Flagstaff,
Arizona in 1999, and in Tucson, Arizona in 2003. The venue at the base of the
Alps in the heart of Europe is the University of Salzburg in beautiful and
charming Salzburg, Austria, the birthplace of Mozart. Pre-conference workshops,
Plenary talks, Concurrent sessions, and Poster sessions will be augmented by a
full social schedule in an amiable and delightful atmosphere.

Themes/Topics: Time and Causation; Quantum Pharmacology; Brain Synchrony;
Decoherence; Quantum Consciousness Models; Cosmology and Consciousness; Bohm;
Quantum Computing; Quantum Logic; Quantum Biology; Quantum-Like Approaches;
Membranes, Cytoskeleton and DNA

A preliminary list of speakers:
Dick Bierman, Gustav Bernroider, Frank Echenhofer, Avi Elitzur, Stuart Hameroff,
Basil Hiley, Menas Kafatos, Stuart Kauffman, Paavo Pylkkanen, Sisir Roy, Daniel
Sheehan, Jack Sarfatti, Lothar Schafer, Henry Stapp, Marshall Stoneham, Johann
Summhammer, Luca Turin, Jack Tuszynski, Giuseppe Vitiello, Nancy Woolf

For details, abstract submission (deadline 1st March 2007), registration and
lodging information see http://www.sbg.ac.at/brain2007/ 

Is Theory of Mind dependent on episodic memory?

SCR Feature, memory, social neuroscience, social psychology, theory of mind — thomasr @ 8:24 am

The latest issue of Science brings an article about the relationship between Theory of Mind (ToM) and episodic memory. The article abstract by Shanya Rosenbaum and her colleagues says:

[ToM] to infer other people’s current mental states and episodic memory of personal happenings have been assumed to be closely related. We report two participants with severely impaired episodic memory who perform indistinguishably from healthy controls on objective ToM tests. These results suggest that ToM can function independently of episodic memory.

In other words, it seems that ToM and episodic memory are independent processes. I, for one, first stumbled on why this relationship should be obvious at all. So let’s ask: why should we assume that there is a relationship between the two functions? In order to answer this, we first need to know what the two functions are.

ToM is actually a term that covers many different meanings, but for the present purposes (and this the presently most used meaning) ToM is taken to mean “the ability to attribute mental states—beliefs, intents, desires, pretending, knowledge, etc.—to oneself and others and to understand that others have beliefs, desires and intentions that are different from one’s own”. This original definition stems from the very beginning of ToM research, when Premack and Woodruff (1978) asked whether chimpanzees have a theory of mind. Later, Simon Baron-Cohen and colleagues (1985) asked whether ToM could be found in autistic children, and some even question whether ToM can be found in non-mammals such as birds.

So basically, ToM refers to our ability to think that others have thoughts and feelings that are different from our own. Importantly, neuroimaging studies by researchers such as Chris Frith and Rebecca Saxe, ToM have shown a relation to activation in medial frontal cortex, temporal poles and the temporoparietal junction.

Episodic memory refers to the memory of personally experienced events, which includes experienced places, associated emotions, and, to some extent, conceptual knowledge that is related to these experiences. Together with semantic memory, episodic memory has been thought to be a part of a declarative memory system, i.e., conscious memory. Episodic memory is normally associated with the medial temporal lobe (MTL). Most early theories stressed the importance of the hippocampus, but more recent research has pointed to additional regions within the MTL, such as the perirhinal cortex, parahippocampal cortex and entorhinal cortex (Moscovitch et al. 2006). In addition, have demonstrated hemispheric asymmetries during different stages of episodic memory. For example, encoding has been found to involve left hemisphere structures – both in the MTL and in prefrontal cortex – while retrieval has been shown to involve the right hemispheric counterparts more (Habib, Nyberg & Tulving, 2003).

So what is the relationship between ToM and episodic memory? The neural foundations suggests that they are separate processes. However, as Rosenbaum et al. writes:

The idea that ToM is closely related to, and that it may depend on, episodic memory and autonoetic consciousness seems perfectly natural: that in order to imagine and make sense of other people’s thoughts, feelings, intentions, and actions, we must rely on our autobiographical recollections. The ability to consciously recollect past personal happenings has been shown to be necessary for imagining coherent and detailed personal happenings in the future. Both episodic memory and ToM emerge close in time in ontogenetic development. The neural substrate on which the two abilities rely is in many ways strikingly similar.

In order to study this relationship, the authors studied two patients that have well-described deficits in episodic memory. In particular, the patients had lost the ability to consciously recollect personal happenings from their own lives. The question now was: would these patients also show deficits in ToM? Using a comprehensive battery of tests on ToM (Bird et al. 2004), the patients and 14 control subjects were assessed for their ability to reason about other people’s thoughts and feelings. Here the researchers found that the ToM scores were indistinguishable from that of the control subjects.

Thus, this study demonstrates that episodic memory is not needed for normal ToM functioning. However, one should bear in mind that the study was made on subjects that have already a mature ToM (and premorbid episodic memory). Thus, it is still possible that a healthy episodic memory is important in the establishment of normal ToM function during development. It would indeed be interesting to see studies relating early damage to the MTL region and the development of ToM.

Copyright © T.Z. Ramsøy

Thomas Z. Ramsøy is a cognitive neuroscientist at the Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Copenhagen, Denmark. He is also co-editor of SCR and BrainEthics.

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References

Baron-Cohen, S., Leslie, A.M., & Frith, U. (1985) Does the autistic child have a ‘theory of mind’? Cognition, 21, 37-46

Bird C. M., Castelli F., Malik O., Frith U., Husain M. (2004). The impact of extensive medial frontal lobe damage on ‘Theory of Mind’ and cognition. Brain, 127(Pt 4): 914-28

Habib R., Nyberg L., Tulving E. (2003). Hemispheric asymmetries of memory: the HERA model revisited. Trends Cogn Sci. 7(6): 241-245

Moscovitch M., Nadel L., Winocur G., Gilboa A., Rosenbaum R.S. (2006) The cognitive neuroscience of remote episodic, semantic and spatial memory. Curr Opin Neurobiol. 16(2):179-90.

Premack, D. G. & Woodruff, G. (1978). Does the chimpanzee have a theory of mind? Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 1, 515-526